Mongolia serves as the meeting and coexistence region for flora originating from both the Great Siberian Taiga and the steppes and deserts of Central Asia. Out of a total of 3,000 recorded plant species, a notable 975 species of flowering plants are employed in traditional Mongolian medicine. Most of these plants are shrubs and wild bushes that have adapted to the extreme meteorological conditions of the area. Flowers exhibit a wide range of colors and shapes, although they are predominantly small due to the limited rainfall in this region.

Mongolia boasts approximately 150 endemic species of vascular and lower plants, including Stipa mongolorum, Adonis mongolica, Betula mongolica, Atraphaxis bracteata, Calligonum gobicum, Nanophyton mongolicum, Astragalus gobicus, Oxytropis ulzii-chutagii, and Artemisia gobica. The regions of Khangai, Gobi-Altai, and Mongolian Altai host the majority of these endemic species.

Leontopodium, commonly known as edelweiss, is a plant native to the Asian steppes that grows at altitudes of up to 1700 meters above sea level. Thanks to its deep fibrous roots and the felt-like covering of its leaves, the plant can withstand extreme climatic conditions, protecting itself from drought, strong winds, and harmful sunlight. Its star-shaped white flowers also hold medicinal value.

One of the most common flowering plants in Mongolia is Caryopteris, small shrubs with white or blue flowers that can reach heights of up to 4 meters. The aromatic leaves, arranged alternately, often earn them the name "blue mist" when the flowers are blue. These plants are used in perfume production.